Sodium Could Advance Battery Tech
 

Lithium ion batteries have a significant problem: deposits of Lithium required to manufacture them are rare, and mostly found in South America. However, researchers think replacing Lithium with Sodium could make battery production more sustainable. Researchers have already mitigated sodium's unfortunate tendency to explode, but only recently have researchers begun to tackle the problem of sodium batteries degrading too quickly. "Normally the solid electrolyte interface is good because it protects carbon particles from a battery's acidic electrolyte, where electricity is conducted," Pol said. "But too much of the interface consumes the sodium ions that we need for charging the battery." Purdue researchers proposed using sodium as a powder, which provides the required amount of sodium for the solid electrolyte interface to protect carbon, but doesn't build up in a way that it consumes sodium ions. They minimized sodium's exposure to the moisture that would make it combust by making the sodium powder in a glovebox filled with the gas argon. To make the powder, they used an ultrasound-the same tool used for monitoring the development a fetus-to melt sodium chunks into a milky purple liquid. The liquid then cooled into a powder, and was suspended in a hexane solution to evenly disperse the powder particles.

http://www.hardocp.com/news/2018/09/..._battery_tech/