Mazda says future gasoline engine as clean as an EV, well to wheels
 

Mazda is already working on the successor to its efficient Skyactiv-X motors, and thinks it could make cars as clean as EVs, if you take into account CO2 from electricity production. The automaker believes it can increase the efficiency of the Skyact...

https://www.engadget.com/2018/01/30/...ell-to-wheels/